Telescopic belt conveyor don loda/sauke kayayyaki daga motar kaya

Matsalolin zafi a yanayi daban-daban da kewayon dacewar na’urar bel mai miƙewa wajen lodawa/sauke kaya daga motar kaya

A aikin lodawa ko sauke kaya daga motar kaya ko kwantena, matsalar da aka fi fuskanta ba wai "ko akwai na’urar isarwa" ba ce, sai dai ma’aikata suna buƙatar yawan komawa-da-zuwa tsakanin dandali da cikin motar: nisa ya yi tsawo, gajiya ta jiki ta yi yawa, saurin aiki ya yi wuya ya daidaita, kuma kuskure ko buguwar kaya saboda gajiya na fi sauƙin faruwa.

Amfanin na’urar bel mai miƙewa shi ne: na’urar na iya miƙewa ta shiga cikin jikin mota/kwantena kai tsaye, ta bar "nisa daga dandali zuwa zurfin jikin mota" a hannun bel ɗin da ke tafiya a ci gaba, don rage ɗaukar kaya da hannu da wuraren canja kaya a tsakiya. Yawanci tana dacewa da ayyukan sauke kaya zuwa sito (inbound) da lodawa zuwa mota (outbound) a wuraren lodawa/sauke kaya na sito, cibiyar rarrabawa, masana’antu, da makamantansu—musamman ga ayyukan dabaru da ke buƙatar lodawa/sauke kaya akai-akai tare da tsauraran ƙa’idojin lokaci.

Yadda na’urar bel mai miƙewa ke aiki wajen lodawa/sauke kayan motar kaya da mahimman ƙarfinta

Muhimmin ginshiƙin na’urar bel mai miƙewa wajen lodawa/sauke kaya shi ne tsarin sassa masu juna (multi-stage) da "ana iya miƙewa/ana iya mayarwa": yawanci tana ƙunshe da sassa 2–5 na miƙewa; bayan an miƙa, tsawon aiki yana ƙaruwa sosai, yana ba ƙarshen isarwa damar shiga cikin jikin mota ko kwantena; bayan an mayar, yana sauƙaƙa a ajiye ta kuma a bar hanya a buɗe.

A bangaren isarwa, na’urar bel mai miƙewa tana amfani da bel ɗin da ke tafiya a ci gaba; kaya na iya yin tafiya a bangarori biyu a layi guda, don haka na’ura ɗaya za ta iya lodawa kuma za ta iya sauke kaya. Don dacewa da motoci daban-daban, tsayin dandali daban-daban, da halayen kaya daban-daban, yawanci tana da waɗannan muhimman ƙwarewa:

• Tsayi mai daidaitawa: don sauƙaƙe haɗawa da tsayin jikin mota da tsayin dandali daban-daban
• Sauri mai daidaitawa: yawanci ana iya daidaita shi cikin 10–40 m/min, don dacewa da kaya daban-daban da saurin aiki
• A matsayin "sashen gada": yana samar da haɗin da ke ci gaba tsakanin layin isarwa na dindindin a sito da abin hawa, yana rage ɗaukar kaya da hannu da sake juyar da kaya

Na’urar lodawa mai miƙewa ta zamani tana iya kaiwa nisan shiga mai tsawo idan an miƙe ta gaba ɗaya, ta dace da jikin mota/kwantena masu zurfi, kuma tana ƙara ci gaban lodawa da sauke kaya ba tare da yankewa ba.

Zaɓen samfur da muhimman bayanan fasaha (a ɗauki sigogi a matsayin "bayanan samfur/model")

Lokacin sayen na’urar bel mai miƙewa, ana ba da shawarar a fara maida buƙata zuwa rukuni huɗu: "tsawo, faɗi, adadin sassa, sarrafawa da muhalli", sannan a daidaita su da tsarin na’urar.

1) Tsawon shiga da sararin da ake mamaye

• Tsawon shiga: a fara auna zurfin mafi girman jikin mota/kwantena; yawanci ana ba da shawarar na’urar ta rufe 80–90% na zurfin, don samun inganci da isasshen sararin aiki
• Sararin da take ɗauka idan an mayar: idan ba ta aiki, na’urar miƙewa tana buƙatar a mayar ta a ajiye; dole a tantance sararin da take ɗauka a yanayin taƙaitawa da yanayin hanya, don guje wa hana wucewar forklift, mutane, da sauran motocin

2) Faɗin bel da dacewar kaya

• Faɗin bel da aka fi gani shi ne 600 mm ko 800 mm
• Zaɓin faɗi ya kamata ya haɗa girman siffar kaya da yadda ake aiki: bel mafi faɗi ya fi dacewa da manyan kaya, amma zai ƙara buƙatar sararin shigarwa

3) Tsarin miƙewa da daidaiton tuki (drive)

• Yawan sassan miƙewa yawanci 2–5 sassa
• Rabon miƙewa (dangantakar tsawon da aka mayar da tsawon da aka miƙa gaba ɗaya) yawanci kusan 1: 2 zuwa 1: 4: da rabon miƙewa ya fi girma, ya fi taimakawa a samu rufe nisan miƙewa mai tsawo a cikin iyakantaccen wuri
• Nau’in tuki: yawancin samfura suna amfani da injina biyu (dual motor), ɗaya don isar da bel, ɗaya don miƙewa/mayarwa; tare da sarrafa VFD, ana iya daidaita sauri

4) Sarrafawa da ayyukan tsaro

Don tabbatar da cewa aikin lodawa/sauke kaya yana da iko kuma lafiya, na’urar bel mai miƙewa yawanci tana da (ko tana iya zaɓar) abubuwa masu zuwa:

• Sarrafawar juyawa gaba/ baya (bangarori biyu)
• Daidaita sauri
• Tsayarwa ta gaggawa
• Kariyar karo a gaba
• Fitilar nuna matsayi
• Zaɓin sarrafawa ta na’urar nesa

5) Muhalli da iyakokin yanayin aiki

• Samfuran da aka saba su fi dacewa da yanayin aiki na cikin gida
• Idan ana bukatar aiki a waje ko a cikin yanayi mai danshi, lalata ko tsananin yanayi, ya dace a yi la’akari da lantarki mai hana ruwa, kariyar tsatsa/lalata ko amfani da bakin karfe da makamantansu
• Matsakaicin yanayin zafin da aka fi amfani da shi yawanci 0–40°C; idan ya wuce wannan, dole a tantance bisa ga ainihin yanayin aiki

Tuna kan shigarwa, kulawa, da sakamakon da ake tsammani

Muhimman abubuwan shigarwa da daidaitawa (don tunani)

A shigar da na’urar bel mai miƙewa/ja da baya (telescopic belt conveyor), abin da ya fi muhimmanci ba gini mai rikitarwa ba ne, sai dai daidaitawa da gyara (commissioning):

• Kafaffen tushe da daidaita shi, don tabbatar da tafiyar aiki tana da kwanciyar hankali
• Duba ko tsarin miƙewa/ja da baya yana motsi cikin laushi, ba tare da shinge ko cikas ba
• Haɗa wayoyin lantarki da kariya ya kamata ma’aikata masu bin ƙa’ida su yi bisa dokokin wurin
• Kammala gwajin aikin na’ura gaba ɗaya: miƙewa, juyawa gaba/ baya, daidaita sauri, da kuma ayyukan tsaro kamar dakatarwa gaggawa da kariyar karo

Lokacin shigarwa zai bambanta gwargwadon adadin sassa da yanayin wurin; yawanci ana iya hasashen da tsara jadawali a cikin 1–3 kwanaki (don tunani kawai).

Kulawa da tsawon rayuwar amfani (don tunani)

Kulawa bisa ƙa’ida na taimakawa wajen kiyaye kwanciyar hankali na tsarin miƙewa da tsarin bel. Gabaɗaya ana iya amfani da hanyar "dubawa ta yau da kullum + kulawa ta lokaci-lokaci", tare da mai da hankali kan sassan da ke saurin lalacewa kamar bel da bearings; tsawon rayuwar na’ura yana danganta da ingancin kulawa, tsananin yanayin aiki da sauransu, ana iya ɗaukar shekaru 8–10 a matsayin kewayon tunani.

Tunatarwa kan iyakokin inganci da canjin ma’aikata

Na’urar bel mai miƙewa na rage dawowa-da-komowa wajen ɗagawa da ɗauka da kuma rage shigar hannun mutum; yawanci hakan na rage lokacin lodi/ sauke kaya, na rage yawan ma’aikata da kuma nauyin aiki, sannan yana taimakawa rage haɗarin raunin ɗaukar kaya da lalacewar kaya. Amma sakamakon ainihi yana da alaƙa sosai da irin kaya, ƙwarewar ma’aikata, hanyar haɗawa, da tsarin dukkanin aikin lojin (logistics); ya kamata a yi hukunci bisa ga ainihin yanayin aiki.

Karin karatu:

Zaɓen samfur don na’urar isarwa mai miƙewa wajen lodi/ sauke kaya daga babbar mota